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HashiCorp HCVA0-003 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Vault Tokens: This section of the exam measures the skills of IAM Administrators and covers the types and lifecycle of Vault tokens. Candidates will learn to differentiate between service and batch tokens, understand root tokens and their limited use cases, and explore token accessors for tracking authentication sessions. The section also explains token time-to-live settings, orphaned tokens, and how to create tokens based on operational requirements.

Topic 2

Encryption as a Service: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cryptography Specialists and focuses on Vault’s encryption capabilities. Candidates will learn how to encrypt and decrypt secrets using the transit secrets engine, as well as perform encryption key rotation. These concepts ensure secure data transmission and storage, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.

Topic 3

Access Management Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Enterprise Security Engineers and introduces key access management components in Vault. Candidates will explore the Vault Agent and its role in automating authentication, secret retrieval, and proxying access. The section also covers the Vault Secrets Operator, which helps manage secrets efficiently in cloud-native environments, ensuring streamlined access management.

Topic 4

Vault Architecture Fundamentals: This section of the exam measures the skills of Site Reliability Engineers and provides an overview of Vault's core encryption and security mechanisms. It covers how Vault encrypts data, the sealing and unsealing process, and configuring environment variables for managing Vault deployments efficiently. Understanding these concepts is essential for maintaining a secure Vault environment.

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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam Sample Questions (Q166-Q171):

NEW QUESTION # 166
In regards to the Transit secrets engine, which of the following is true given the following command and output (select three):
$ vault write encryption/encrypt/creditcard plaintext=$(base64 <<< "1234 5678 9101 1121") Key: ciphertext Value: vault:v3:cZNHVx+sxdMErXRSuDa1q
/pz49fXTn1PScKfhf+PIZPvy8xKfkytpwKcbC0fF2U=

A. The Transit secrets engine is mounted at the encryption path
B. The data was written to the encryption path, which is provided by default when enabling the Transit secrets engine
C. There are at least three data keys associated with this keyring
D. The name of the keyring used to encrypt the data is creditcard

Answer: A,C,D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
* A:The command uses encryption/encrypt/creditcard, indicating the Transit engine is mounted at encryption/. Correct.
* B:The endpoint creditcard specifies the key name used for encryption. Correct.
* C:The output vault:v3: shows key version 3, implying at least three versions (v1, v2, v3) after rotations.
Correct.
* D:The default path for Transit is transit/, not encryption/. This is a custom mount, not default. Incorrect.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"The Transit engine encrypts data at a specified key name... Key versions (e.g., v3) indicate rotations." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets/transit

NEW QUESTION # 167
All Vault instances, or clusters, include two built-in policies that are created automatically. Choose the two policies below and the correct information regarding each policy. (Select two)

A. The default policy is created automatically. This policy cannot be modified but it can be deleted
B. The admin policy is created automatically. It provides administrative permissions but can be deleted if needed
C. The default policy is created automatically. This policy can be modified but not deleted
D. The root policy is created automatically. This policy provides superuser privileges and cannot be deleted

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Vault automatically creates two built-in policies: root and default.
* A: The root policy is created at initialization, granting superuser privileges (full access to all paths and operations). It's attached to root tokens and cannot be deleted or modified, per the policies documentation.
* C: The default policy is also created automatically, providing basic permissions (e.g., token management). It's attached to all non-root tokens by default, can be modified, but cannot be deleted, as stated in the docs.
* B: No admin policy is automatically created; administrative policies must be defined manually.
* D: The default policy can be modified, contradicting this option.
References:
Built-in Policies

NEW QUESTION # 168
Which statement best explains how Vault handles data encryption?

A. Vault stores data in plaintext on disk but encrypts it only when transmitting it over the network.
B. Vault uses encryption to secure data at rest and in transit, using an encryption key protected by the root key.
C. Vault offloads all encryption to third-party services, so no secret data is ever processed by Vault.
D. Vault encrypts data using a root key stored in plain text on the server's filesystem.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Vault's encryption mechanism is a core security feature. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "When a Vault server is started, it starts in a sealed state. In this state, Vault is configured to know where and how to access the physical storage, but doesn't know how to decrypt any of it. Unsealing is the process of obtaining the plaintext root key necessary to read the decryption key to decrypt the data, allowing access to the Vault." It further explains: "Vault uses encryption to secure data at rest and in transit, using an encryption key protected by the root key." The documentation details: "The data stored by Vault is encrypted using an encryption key in the keyring.
This keyring is itself encrypted by the root key, which is protected by the unseal process (e.g., Shamir's Secret Sharing or auto-unseal). Vault ensures data is encrypted both at rest in the storage backend and in transit over the network using TLS." Option B is false-the root key is never stored in plaintext. Option C is incorrect- data is encrypted at rest, not just in transit. Option D is wrong-Vault performs encryption internally, not via third-party services. Thus, A is correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Seal Concepts

NEW QUESTION # 169
A security architect is designing a solution to address the "Secret Zero" problem for a Kubernetes-based application that needs to authenticate to HashiCorp Vault. Which approach correctly leverages Vault features to solve this challenge?

A. Store the Vault root token in a ConfigMap and mount it to all containers that require access to sensitive information
B. Implement a custom sidecar container that uses AppRole role-id and secret-id each time the application needs to access Vault
C. Generate a long-lived token during deployment and store it as an environment variable within each container that needs to access Vault
D. Configure the Kubernetes auth method in Vault and enable applications to authenticate without pre- shared secrets

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The Kubernetes auth method addresses Secret Zero by using service account tokens. The Vault documentation states:
"The 'Secret Zero' problem refers to the bootstrapping challenge of how applications can authenticate to a secrets management system without requiring an initial secret. In a Kubernetes environment, the Kubernetes Auth Method in Vault allows applications to authenticate using their Kubernetes service account tokens, which are automatically provided to pods. The Vault server validates these tokens against the Kubernetes API server, establishing a chain of trust where applications can authenticate to Vault without pre-shared secrets."
-Vault Auth Methods
* C: Correct. Eliminates pre-shared secrets:
"Configuring the Kubernetes auth method in Vault allows applications running in Kubernetes to authenticate to Vault without the need for pre-shared secrets."
-Vault Auth: Kubernetes
* A,B: Introduce static secrets, worsening Secret Zero.
* D: Retains pre-shared secrets (role-id/secret-id).
References:
Vault Auth Methods
Vault Auth: Kubernetes

NEW QUESTION # 170
True or False? The root and default policies can be deleted if they are not needed or being used.

A. False
B. True

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
In HashiCorp Vault, therootanddefaultpolicies are built-in and cannot be deleted:
* B. False: "The default and root policy cannot be deleted. You don't have to use them, but you can't delete them." The root policy grants superuser privileges, while the default policy provides common permissions assigned to new tokens unless explicitly excluded (e.g., via vault token create -no-default- policy). Their permanence ensures baseline functionality and security.
* Incorrect Option:
* A. True: Incorrect; these policies are immutable in terms of deletion. "The root and default policies cannot be deleted." This design choice maintains Vault's operational integrity and security model.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies#built-in-policies

NEW QUESTION # 171
......

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